Recording digitally
with the Zaxcom DEVA
By David Lewis
Yewdall M.P.S.E.
Extract from Chapter 5 of “The Practical Art of Motion Picture Sound”
copyright 1997-&-2003 Focal Press
Recording Straight to Hard Disk
The
Zaxcom Deva II, a direct-to-disk digital audio recorder. The production sound
mixer brings a highly durable unit into any recording scenario without the
sensitivity factor of traditional computer disk recording systems. The Deva II can record up to four
dedicated channels of 48kHz information.

Don't judge the Deva by its size. This little package carries a
tremendous
amount of direct-to-disk recording firepower.
Using
a keyboard, (out of view) screen unit on the shelf above allows
the Mixer to enter all kinds of important data into the audio file
directory.
(Photo by David Yewdall)
The
high-quality 24-bit analog-to-digital converters on both the microphone and
line inputs ensure a wide dynamic range. The AES interface can make transparent
transfers of 24-bit material from other digital sources. The Deva can record
either a Sound Designer II audio file or either mono- or polyphonic Broadcast
Wave audio files. By utilizing a small keyboard, shown in Figure 5.7, the
production Mixer enters pertinent data into the audio file directory.
The
Deva uses a 40-gigabyte removable internal hard drives. Zaxcom claims these
hermetically sealed drives can withstand as high as 100 "Gs" --
certainly twenty times more than I intend ever to endure -- but it does bring a
lot of recording time for the Mixer on the set. A separate DVD-RAM unit is
easily hooked up so that the Mixer can lay back protection copies to a
recordable DVD, using the hard drives as a working medium only to record and
file-manage. Once the DVD is made and the material is safe in the hands of the
post-production transfer facility, the Mixer can wipe the drive clean and use
it again, or put in the archive for safe keeping as a back-up protection for
all the dailies.

The Deva / Cameo array.
(Photo by David Yewdall)
The
Mixer may choose to put the Deva into an "Intermittent" mode, which
allows the unit to automatically make back-up recordings to the DVD when the
Deva is not in "Record" mode. As soon as the "Record" mode
is off, the Deva automatically continues recording back-up audio files to the
DVD-RAM over the SCSI connector. If the Mixer wants to record both to the Deva
hard drive as well as to the DVD simultaneously, he or she switches the Deva to
"Turbo" mode.
The
unit always maintains a ten-second "pre-roll" in the RAM buffer, so
if the Mixer presses the "Record" button, the previous ten seconds is
automatically laid down to the hard drive, thereby doing away with waiting for
the pre-roll. This feature is extremely helpful on a busy shoot, where the
Mixer must review previous recordings or where the director either does not
understand pre-roll protocol or has not thought to warn sound that he or she is
about to go for a "take" and roll cameras.
Rather
than being caught right in the middle of playing back a previous cue and
finding yourself totally incapable of spinning down to virgin tape to start
recording again, simply hit the "Record" button, which automatically
starts recording to the hard disk. You will not damage or record over the
material you are reviewing, as it is impossible to accidentally record over a
section of the hard disk that has already been used. Remember, computers do not
work in a linear fashion. You can change from single-channel recording to
multiple channels for the next recording set-up by simply touching the proper
buttons to tell the Deva how you want to record. In addition to industry
standard XLR connectors, the Deva has a break-out cable with a multi-pin
connector for line inputs.

Note
that the flat screen display for the Zaxcom Cameo mixer clearly shows the four
audio channels, here running line-up tones. Using a keyboard, (not shown) off to the side of the unit,
the recording mixer quickly enters the scene, angle and take data (that show up
in the "slate" icon in the upper right hand corner. This entry along with the timecode is
embedded in the directory of the audio file itself, thereby streamlining and
removing possible errors by the assistant picture editor later in assimilating
the material into the non-linear editing system being used.
Several
other companies are actively engaged in perfecting direct-to-hard-drive
recording systems for the field. The ability to mirror duplicate back-up drives
quickly to cost-effective medium as well as the ability to build in data files
to the directory of each audio file as they are created greatly enhances not
only speed issues but also defeats the chances of error in data assignments
later at the laboratory or at picture editorial.